Top cities to hire software engineers

Karat ranks the top-40 cities to hire software engineers based on data from 500,000+ technical interviews, labor costs, and market size.

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The top cities to hire software engineers

Karat’s fourth annual ranking of the top cities to hire software engineers examines the dramatic evolution of tech hiring. To capture the increased mobility of tech talent in the post-pandemic world, we’ve tweaked our ranking methodology. Instead of solely relying on candidate locations based on resume data like we’ve done in previous years, the 2025 report also incorporates role locations.

This change gives us a fascinating glimpse into not just where top tech talent lives today, but also into where it is moving and underscores the trends that are shaping today’s race for top talent.

Use the filters located on the right to the graph to display the information that is most relevant for you. As you select or deselect filters, the graph will automatically update. Only the data corresponding to your selected filters will be shown.

Filter

Quality Concentration

Median Cost

High

Low

Average

High

BAN

Bangalore, IN

T-4 for elite talent (#2 APAC)

T-4 for strong talent (#2 APAC)

#34 most expensive

#1 largest talent pool

360,300

Engineers in market

$38,022

Median compensation in USD

48%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

39%

Candidates in top quartile

SF

San Francisco, US

T-4 for elite talent (#2 US)

T-4 for strong talent (#2 US)

#1 most expensive

#3 largest talent pool

166,600

Engineers in market

$260,000

Median compensation in USD

48%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

39%

Candidates in top quartile

HYD

Hyderabad, IN

T-15 for elite talent (#5 APAC)

T-17 for strong talent (#4 APAC)

#36 most expensive

#2 largest talent pool

214,600

Engineers in market

$32,767

Median compensation in USD

34%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

24%

Candidates in top quartile

SEA

Seattle, US

#7 for elite talent (#3 US)

#6 for strong talent (#3 US)

#2 most expensive

#7 largest talent pool

95,500

Engineers in market

$240,000

Median compensation in USD

47%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

35%

Candidates in top quartile

NY

New York, US

T-9 for elite talent (#5 US)

T-11 for strong talent (#5 US)

#3 most expensive

#6 largest talent pool

106,800

Engineers in market

$185,000

Median compensation in USD

40%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

31%

Candidates in top quartile

DC

Washington D.C, US

#3 for elite talent (#1 US)

#3 for strong talent (#1 US)

#10 most expensive

#10 largest talent pool

60,100

Engineers in market

$150,000

Median compensation in USD

52%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

41%

Candidates in top quartile

DEL

Delhi NCR, IN

T-31 for elite talent (#6 APAC)

#21 for strong talent (#5 APAC)

#37 most expensive

#4 largest talent pool

128,000

Engineers in market

$25,028

Median compensation in USD

32%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

17%

Candidates in top quartile

LA

Los Angeles, US

T-15 for elite talent (T-6 US)

T-17 for strong talent (T-9 US)

T-6 most expensive

#12 largest talent pool

60,000

Engineers in market

$170,000

Median compensation in USD

34%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

24%

Candidates in top quartile

PUN

Pune, IN

T-34 for elite talent (T-7 APAC)

T-33 for strong talent (#8 APAC)

#38 most expensive

#8 largest talent pool

94,000

Engineers in market

$20,124

Median compensation in USD

26%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

15%

Candidates in top quartile

SG

Singapore, SG

#2 for elite talent (#1 APAC)

T-1 for strong talent (#1 APAC)

#28 most expensive

#18 largest talent poo

32,400

Engineers in market

$90,363

Median compensation in USD

56%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

42%

Candidates in top quartile

CHEN

Chennai, IN

#40 for elite talent (#9 APAC)

T-36 for strong talent (#9 APAC)

#40 most expensive

#5 largest talent pool

107,500

Engineers in market

$16,651

Median compensation in USD

24%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

12%

Candidates in top quartile

SOF

Sofia, BG

T-18 for elite talent (#4 EMEA)

T-31 for strong talent (T-4 EMEA)

#33 most expensive

#15 largest talent pool

50,000

Engineers in market

$55,352

Median compensation in USD

27%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

23%

Candidates in top quartile

MUM

Mumbai, IN

T-34 for elite talent (#7 APAC)

T-27 for strong talent (#7 APAC)

#39 most expensive

#9 largest talent pool

75,800

Engineers in market

$19,074

Median compensation in USD

29%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

15%

Candidates in top quartile

BOS

Boston, US

T-20 for elite talent (#9 US)

#16 for strong talent (#8 US)

#8 most expensive

#14 largest talent pool

51,000

Engineers in market

$161,000

Median compensation in USD

35%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

22%

Candidates in top quartile

TOR

Toronto, CA

#14 for elite talent (#2 CA)

#13 for strong talent (#2 CA)

#26 most expensive

#17 largest talent pool

38,800

Engineers in market

$100,149

Median compensation in USD

39%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

25%

Candidates in top quartile

LDN

London, UK

#30 for elite talent (#6 EMEA)

T-36 for strong talent (T-6 EMEA)

#20 most expensive

#13 largest talent pool

52,200

Engineers in market

$121,900

Median compensation in USD

24%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

18%

Candidates in top quartile

DAL

Dallas, US

T-22 for elite talent (T-10 US)

T-25 for strong talent (#15 US)

#15 most expensive

#16 largest talent pool

44,600

Engineers in market

$130,000

Median compensation in USD

30%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

21%

Candidates in top quartile

AUS

Austin, US

#8 for elite talent (#4 US)

T-7 for strong talent (#4 US)

T-6 most expensive

#22 largest talent pool

28,300

Engineers in market

$170,000

Median compensation in USD

46%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

32%

Candidates in top quartile

SP

Sao Paulo, BR

T-38 for elite talent (#1 LATAM)

T-25 for strong talent (#1 LATAM)

#35 most expensive

#11 largest talent pool

60,500

Engineers in market

$33,877

Median compensation in USD

30%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

13%

Candidates in top quartile

SYD

Sydney, AU

#13 for elite talent (#4 APAC)

T-27 for strong talent (#6 APAC)

#25 most expensive

#25 largest talent pool

25,000

Engineers in market

$103,804

Median compensation in USD

29%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

28%

Candidates in top quartile

ATL

Atlanta, US

T-22 for elite talent (T-10 US)

T-23 for strong talent (T-13 US)

#11 most expensive

#19 largest talent pool

30,700

Engineers in market

$142,000

Median compensation in USD

31%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

21%

Candidates in top quartile

DEN

Denver, US

T-15 for elite talent (T-6 US)

#23 for strong talent (T-13 US)

T-8 most expensive

#23 largest talent pool

25,400

Engineers in market

$161,000

Median compensation in USD

31%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

24%

Candidates in top quartile

RDU

Raleigh/Durham, US

#24 for elite talent (#12 US)

#30 for strong talent (#17 US)

#12 most expensive

#21 largest talent pool

29,700

Engineers in market

$141,000

Median compensation in USD

28%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

20%

Candidates in top quartile

AMST

Amsterdam, NL

#1 for elite talent (#1 EMEA)

T-1 for strong talent (#1 EMEA)

#24 most expensive

#38 largest talent pool

10,100

Engineers in market

$105,921

Median compensation in USD

56%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

50%

Candidates in top quartile

CHI

Chicago, US

#33 for elite talent (#19 US)

#35 for strong talent (#20 US)

T-13 most expensive

#20 largest talent pool

30,700

Engineers in market

$140,000

Median compensation in USD

24%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

16%

Candidates in top quartile

TYO

Tokyo, JP

#6 for elite talent (#3 APAC)

#9 for strong talent (#3 APAC)

#31 most expensive

#33 largest talent pool

13,600

Engineers in market

$57,810

Median compensation in USD

45%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

36%

Candidates in top quartile

BG

Belgrade, RS

T-9 for elite talent (#2 EMEA)

#10 for strong talent (#2 EMEA)

#30 most expensive

#31 largest talent pool

15,000

Engineers in market

$61,469

Median compensation in USD

41%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

31%

Candidates in top quartile

PHL

Philadelphia, US

T-34 for elite talent (#20 US)

T-27 for strong talent (#16 US)

#18 most expensive

#24 largest talent pool

25,400

Engineers in market

$126,000

Median compensation in USD

29%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

15%

Candidates in top quartile

VAN

Vancouver, CA

T-9 for elite talent (#1 CA)

T-7 for strong talent (#1 CA)

#22 most expensive

#35 largest talent pool

11,700

Engineers in market

$117,073

Median compensation in USD

46%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

31%

Candidates in top quartile

MPLS

Minneapolis, US

T-28 for elite talent (T-16 US)

#15 for strong talent (#7 US)

#19 most expensive

#28 largest talent pool

19,700

Engineers in market

$125,000

Median compensation in USD

36%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

18%

Candidates in top quartile

SD

San Diego, US

T-31 for elite talent (#18 US)

#35 for strong talent (#19 US)

#4 most expensive

#27 largest talent pool

20,200

Engineers in market

$181,375

Median compensation in USD

25%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

17%

Candidates in top quartile

GDN

Gdansk, PL

#12 for elite talent (#3 EMEA)

T-11 for strong talent (#3 EMEA)

#32 most expensive

#36 largest talent pool

11,000

Engineers in market

$57,693

Median compensation in USD

40%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

29%

Candidates in top quartile

HOU

Houston, US

T-25 for elite talent (T-13 US)

T-33 for strong talent (#18 US)

#16 most expensive

#29 largest talent pool

16,300

Engineers in market

$130,000

Median compensation in USD

26%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

19%

Candidates in top quartile

WAW

Warsaw, PL

T-20 for elite talent (#5 EMEA)

T-31 for strong talent (T-4 EMEA)

#29 most expensive

#34 largest talent pool

13,400

Engineers in market

$65,213

Median compensation in USD

27%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

22%

Candidates in top quartile

PDX

Portland, US

T-28 for elite talent (T-16 US)

#14 for strong talent (#6 US)

#5 most expensive

#30 largest talent pool

15,200

Engineers in market

$175,000

Median compensation in USD

38%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

18%

Candidates in top quartile

BLN

Berlin, DE

T-38 for elite talent (#8 EMEA)

T-40 for strong talent (#8 EMEA)

#27 most expensive

#26 largest talent pool

20,600

Engineers in market

$94,372

Median compensation in USD

19%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

13%

Candidates in top quartile

PGH

Pittsburgh, US

T-18 for elite talent (#8 US)

T-17 for strong talent (T-9 US)

#17 most expensive

#39 largest talent pool

10,000

Engineers in market

$126,400

Median compensation in USD

34%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

23%

Candidates in top quartile

DUB

Dublin, IE

T-34 for elite talent (#7 EMEA)

T-36 for strong talent (T-6 EMEA)

#23 most expensive

#32 largest talent pool

15,000

Engineers in market

$109,753

Median compensation in USD

24%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

15%

Candidates in top quartile

DET

Detroit, US

T-25 for elite talent (T-13 US)

T-21 for strong talent (#11 US)

#21 most expensive

#37 largest talent pool

11,000

Engineers in market

$119,000

Median compensation in USD

32%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

19%

Candidates in top quartile

NSH

Nashville, US

T-25 for elite talent (T-13 US)

#20 for strong talent (#10 US)

#14 most expensive

#40 largest talent pool

10,000

Engineers in market

$140,000

Median compensation in USD

33%

Candidates that meet a standard hiring bar

19%

Candidates in top quartile

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Filters

Technical Interview Performance

Top 25% (Elite)

Top 50% (Strong)

Geography

Global

Asia

India

North America

United States

Europe

South America

Report Highlights:

Washington, D.C.

The biggest riser based on this year’s new methodology, DC jumps to the top of the US rankings as the multi-year trend of software companies and developers expanding beyond tech hubs continues.

Bangalore

India’s top engineering talent is consolidating into the Global Capability Centers (GCCs) of Bangalore. Last year, one in every three new GCCs chose Bangalore as their home, propelling the city into the top-5 for the first time.

Remote

Post-pandemic worker mobility continues to diversify where top talent lives. If “remote” was a city, it would have the highest concentration of elite engineers in the U.S. Return-to-office plans will pressure test this trend in 2025.

What city is right for your software hiring needs?

Check out the full report for detailed city rankings based on the concentrations of top engineers and total volume of tech talent. Learn more about each city’s areas of specialization and competitors to shape your talent strategy and hire with confidence.

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Full top city rankings

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